![]() Mounding in the disposal site had not been expected to occur based on early tests using the San Francisco Bay delta model in Sausalito. In 1983 the Corps’ San Francisco district was alerted that the Alcatraz site was filled and was causing a hazard to navigation. However, the procedures and testing required were so extensive they discouraged others from attempting this type of activity. Its provisions had been applied previously to two small dredging projects with careful monitoring before, during, and after dredging activities, all of which showed no long-term significant environmental degradation. In 1978 the San Francisco District of the Corps of Engineers published under Public Notice 78–1 the procedure for establishing a temporary site for aquatic disposal of dredged materials over the objections of several state and federal agencies. This approach dictated that the majority of the sediments scheduled for disposal in the bay be transported to the Alcatraz site. In addition, a series of parameters based on the Jensen criteria were established as tests of the pollution of the sediments, with minimum standards set for each of the disposal areas. These sites were established based on the principle that dredged materials would always be moved downstream toward the Golden Gate. ![]() For example, in the early 1970s the number of authorized open-water disposal sites in the bay area was reduced from 13 to 3: one near Carquinez Strait, one in San Pablo Bay, and one near Alcatraz in the central bay. New federal and state laws and agency regulations have had a significant impact on traditional approaches to dredged material disposal.
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